  
  [1X9 GNU Free Documentation License[0X
  
  GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002
  
  Copyright  (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St,
  Fifth  Floor,  Boston,  MA  02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
  distribute  verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not
  allowed.
  
  0. PREAMBLE
  
  The  purpose  of  this  License  is  to  make  a  manual, textbook, or other
  functional  and  useful  document  "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
  everyone  the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
  modifying  it,  either  commercially  or  noncommercially. Secondarily, this
  License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
  work,  while  not  being  considered  responsible  for modifications made by
  others.
  
  This  License  is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
  the  document  must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
  GNU  General  Public  License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
  software.
  
  We  have  designed  this  License  in  order  to use it for manuals for free
  software,  because  free  software  needs free documentation: a free program
  should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
  But  this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
  textual  work,  regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
  printed  book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
  is instruction or reference.
  
  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  
  This  License  applies  to  any  manual  or  other work, in any medium, that
  contains  a  notice  placed  by  the  copyright  holder  saying  it  can  be
  distributed  under  the  terms  of  this  License.  Such  a  notice grants a
  world-wide,  royalty-free  license,  unlimited in duration, to use that work
  under  the  conditions  stated  herein. The "Document", below, refers to any
  such  manual  or  work.  Any  member  of  the  public  is a licensee, and is
  addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute
  the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
  
  A  "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
  or  a  portion  of  it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
  translated into another language.
  
  A  "Secondary  Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
  Document  that  deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
  authors  of  the  Document  to the Document's overall subject (or to related
  matters)  and  contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
  subject.  (Thus,  if  the  Document  is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
  Secondary  Section  may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
  be  a  matter  of  historical  connection  with  the subject or with related
  matters,  or  of  legal,  commercial,  philosophical,  ethical  or political
  position regarding them.
  
  The  "Invariant  Sections"  are  certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
  designated,  as  being  those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
  that  the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit
  the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
  Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document
  does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
  
  The  "Cover  Texts"  are  certain short passages of text that are listed, as
  Front-Cover  Texts  or  Back-Cover  Texts,  in the notice that says that the
  Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5
  words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  
  A  "Transparent"  copy  of  the  Document  means  a  machine-readable  copy,
  represented  in  a  format  whose  specification is available to the general
  public,  that  is  suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
  generic  text  editors  or  (for  images  composed  of pixels) generic paint
  programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
  suitable  for  input  to  text  formatters or for automatic translation to a
  variety  of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
  otherwise  Transparent  file  format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
  been  arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
  not  Transparent.  An  image  format  is  not  Transparent  if  used for any
  substantial  amount  of  text.  A  copy  that is not "Transparent" is called
  "Opaque".
  
  Examples  of  suitable  formats  for  Transparent copies include plain ASCII
  without  markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
  a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or
  PDF  designed  for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats
  include  PNG,  XCF  and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that
  can  be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for
  which  the  DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
  machine-generated  HTML,  PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors
  for output purposes only.
  
  The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
  following  pages  as  are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
  requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
  any  title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
  appearance  of  the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
  text.
  
  A  section  "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
  either  is  precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
  translates  XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
  name   mentioned   below,   such   as   "Acknowledgements",   "Dedications",
  "Endorsements",  or  "History".)  To  "Preserve the Title" of such a section
  when  you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ"
  according to this definition.
  
  The  Document  may  include  Warranty  Disclaimers  next to the notice which
  states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers
  are  considered  to  be  included  by reference in this License, but only as
  regards  disclaiming  warranties:  any other implication that these Warranty
  Disclaimers  may  have  is  void  and  has  no effect on the meaning of this
  License.
  
  2. VERBATIM COPYING
  
  You  may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
  or  noncommercially,  provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
  the  license  notice  saying  this  License  applies  to  the  Document  are
  reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
  those  of  this  License.  You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
  control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
  However,  you  may  accept  compensation  in  exchange  for  copies.  If you
  distribute  a  large  enough  number  of  copies  you  must  also follow the
  conditions in section 3.
  
  You  may  also  lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
  may publicly display copies.
  
  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
  
  If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
  covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license
  notice  requires  Cover  Texts,  you  must enclose the copies in covers that
  carry,  clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the
  front  cover,  and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
  clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front
  cover  must  present  the  full  title  with  all words of the title equally
  prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  Copying  with  changes  limited  to the covers, as long as they preserve the
  title  of  the  Document  and  satisfy  these  conditions, can be treated as
  verbatim copying in other respects.
  
  If  the  required  texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
  you  should  put  the  first  ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
  actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
  
  If  you  publish  or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
  than  100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
  with   each   Opaque   copy,  or  state  in  or  with  each  Opaque  copy  a
  computer-network  location  from  which the general network-using public has
  access  to  download  using  public-standard  network  protocols  a complete
  Transparent  copy  of  the  Document, free of added material. If you use the
  latter  option,  you  must  take  reasonably  prudent  steps, when you begin
  distribution  of  Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
  copy  will  remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
  year  after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
  your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
  
  It  is  requested,  but  not  required,  that you contact the authors of the
  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
  a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  
  4. MODIFICATIONS
  
  You  may  copy  and  distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
  conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
  Version  under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
  role  of  the  Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
  Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
  these things in the Modified Version:
  
  A.  Use  in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
  that  of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
  there  were  any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
  use  the  same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
  version gives permission.
  
  B.  List  on  the  Title  Page,  as authors, one or more persons or entities
  responsible  for  authorship  of  the modifications in the Modified Version,
  together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of
  its  principal  authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
  from this requirement.
  
  C.  State  on  the  Title  page  the  name  of the publisher of the Modified
  Version, as the publisher.
  
  D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  
  E.  Add  an  appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
  the other copyright notices.
  
  F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
  the  public  permission  to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
  License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  
  G.  Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
  required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  
  H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  
  I.  Preserve  the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
  it  an  item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of
  the  Modified  Version  as  given  on the Title Page. If there is no section
  Entitled  "History"  in  the  Document,  create one stating the title, year,
  authors,  and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
  an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  
  J.  Preserve  the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
  access  to  a  Transparent  copy  of  the Document, and likewise the network
  locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These
  may  be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for
  a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or
  if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  
  K.  For  any  section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
  the  Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
  tone  of  each  of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
  therein.
  
  L.  Preserve  all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
  text  and  in  their  titles.  Section  numbers  or  the  equivalent are not
  considered part of the section titles.
  
  M.  Delete  any  section  Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
  included in the Modified Version.
  
  N.  Do  not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
  conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  
  O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  
  If  the  Modified  Version  includes new front-matter sections or appendices
  that  qualify  as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
  Document,  you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
  invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in
  the  Modified  Version's  license notice. These titles must be distinct from
  any other section titles.
  
  You  may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
  but  endorsements  of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
  statements  of  peer  review  or  that  the  text  has  been  approved by an
  organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
  
  You  may  add  a  passage  of  up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  passage  of  up  to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
  Cover  Texts  in  the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
  and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by)
  any  one  entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same
  cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you
  are  acting  on  behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the
  old  one,  on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the
  old one.
  
  The  author(s)  and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
  permission  to  use  their  names  for  publicity  for or to assert or imply
  endorsement of any Modified Version.
  
  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  
  You  may  combine  the  Document  with  other  documents released under this
  License,  under  the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
  provided  that  you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
  of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
  Sections  of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve
  all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  
  The  combined  work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
  identical  Invariant  Sections  may be replaced with a single copy. If there
  are  multiple  Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
  make  the  title  of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
  parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if
  known,  or  else  a  unique  number. Make the same adjustment to the section
  titles  in  the  list  of  Invariant  Sections  in the license notice of the
  combined work.
  
  In  the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
  various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
  combine  any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
  "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
  
  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  
  You  may  make  a  collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  released  under  this  License,  and  replace  the individual copies of this
  License  in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
  collection,  provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
  copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  
  You  may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
  individually  under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
  into  the  extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
  regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  
  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  
  A  compilation  of  the  Document or its derivatives with other separate and
  independent  documents  or  works,  in  or  on  a  volume  of  a  storage or
  distribution  medium,  is  called  an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting
  from  the  compilation  is  not  used  to  limit  the  legal  rights  of the
  compilation's  users  beyond  what  the  individual  works  permit. When the
  Document  is  included  in  an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
  other  works  in  the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
  the Document.
  
  If  the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
  the  Document,  then  if  the  Document  is less than one half of the entire
  aggregate,  the  Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
  the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if
  the  Document  is  in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed
  covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
  
  8. TRANSLATION
  
  Translation  is  considered  a  kind  of modification, so you may distribute
  translations  of  the  Document  under  the  terms  of  section 4. Replacing
  Invariant  Sections with translations requires special permission from their
  copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
  Sections  in  addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
  You  may  include a translation of this License, and all the license notices
  in  the  Document,  and  any  Warranty  Disclaimers,  provided that you also
  include  the  original  English  version  of  this  License and the original
  versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
  the  translation  and  the  original  version of this License or a notice or
  disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  
  If  a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
  or  "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1)
  will typically require changing the actual title.
  
  9. TERMINATION
  
  You  may  not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
  expressly  provided  for  under  this  License.  Any  other attempt to copy,
  modify,   sublicense   or   distribute   the  Document  is  void,  and  will
  automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who
  have  received  copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
  their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
  
  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  
  The  Free  Software  Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
  Free  Documentation  License  from  time  to time. Such new versions will be
  similar  in  spirit  to  the  present  version,  but may differ in detail to
  address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
  
  Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
  Document  specifies  that  a particular numbered version of this License "or
  any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
  and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
  has  been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
  Document  does  not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
  any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  
