





            Tmyboohooeffidusertalesussotpootfoaff_atmpt_bwaeww_latrha_erear.edteTTp,iteeraTmessPeyhpsttlstoiltiiaeeusiinntnsengg_Pytthpdg??_epsaa_tu_Aivpbw_es_BseeyiWW_r_Sa.rlhhT_Tttlaa_Me_Rowhtt_ic_AsWiib_lh_Cihdlsett_ln_Tmeelee_eopnsmgss_rllioittoiygedviigsonxeennytualnggiym..??cioinuntreSyeoensmtdoaeftpttteoowrxwaiaerbmrteupfetlusteeltoss


       11..  WWhhaatt iiss aa tteesstt??
       Tcdahoerenfrsiicinvoseertdsestitrnhoaefnassiadstcehtforiifeonenet,dhitasshntidapntagepsa.e:rcaoinssfyisrttmheaemtiioinndeaat1dheafttihnaettdhesatastytese,tsetam
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                          insittaitaetlransactidoenstsitnaatteion

       TrsasisbCpcuchheipyneeoalsoaimmpsprinreenrsapltuinftafsdrlietegiiruuekecm,srcllmraa.cmuy,pibotaoilttslbionnaioejosfsgrvoenEiiiancuc,qndtsnoastugtehsadanne,alrratbnffoleaetaldiuarlndterolyes.te,samv.c,dahor.eoagcemerltetcselTlhisaomyhedeooynmuecifnsectststbtihs`itraeeini`orammtmsninsldeehpybstuosralsouaamunnritftctpneadseeteedtletmidideihri'nornec'tntysemrtmtturucaotaaosnrlongeyattdetusesreaelilittwesatra-dthacetlieycmeaborhsaaeetdyena.vrsneeasaestsorasi,tbdSljsiaaoanaeciarmbonbcclngsreltduotigriietuselanvsl,nemgetftdt,ldabohra-betureesyetrmbwetoeiseaehrervnufioveansonleonroersaerfataetre

                          insittaitael      destsitnaatteion



                                          _o_o_p_s

       PIuocfsltsnhooeaarmadbresoiwaaeelhclsiitwatceennnyhrlgoo,iluttsaemttgcmaihetoakcohviesufaengotrthraulttaipithlnsoailatulsbtetkfihdiioletnsriiegmtnsasyta,oIb_sotSpo_ifhOlu_mpeat_ptor9n_ler1.f_ist2u_sta6n_tibz)Ic_iniitt_cgllaiilndodtidone(yoeafs,nisliut,ncrtihoihetbssosiuowtoasfneinsttovnnwegoeasr.ftsru,esebassptatrtsnioedstvsuuitosbtd.fo-ee

       22..  MMaannuuaall tteessttiinngg iiss nnoo tteessttiinngg
       HtfleFoiioorsueaefofnsnfetmsiafrfesaattsetoabtrnhtchrletspfteimlfhluoixnaaaooalnvagtvivffanlcemsielirye.porsotelny?rthipetshersee,hw.eexreoeUsaenlsclbcrmluTsrlaueaotahciystlnphflerpeeeyeeolritbdarryepasmas,tadaeatcsi,go,norutsaanlurechitotaecetrnnhlneshabtgeiseutwohntstsshhreleofteeiiysuearnnsotrblsgitueetmtt,drpqtohheolucestaeraftaioscineenrntrvsppssefsiasoetrtdi,pttfthiicrtiotiannombsopwtttgnteun,aietodtcrvdaoaeeyiiawvtnoisndsheodhtunoaraarsl,cthsstpoolcakrrnrhaovbssuogorarmee.tcbfepgpeatastcpeltnfibeeteeoIfolqn.nntfnyusuedfsemoiyw,nwTwbxoincihhetteulaoetierhhdrlttshsnsee.
                                          +
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       T"fLmscthkrpdA_ihpieatoraneoef_nerrtnanaposrft_fros'urfnpwttie_oedtsatiseinr_rulranooe_mcbmcsifnd_aatiltfattt_tritoertiw'tsh_ievosoiohshote_oeaktmoneefa_n"gnnt.tassisefwoiacaoncoiorntranrutridoneirhstapefd_tpatthnttfo_htthedhsif_e,teyantchtfmataehotwrhaemgrdenh_weeeisiaefo_relgidsis_oa-tuhnedtdre_nrprrhtfoaem_geaaeeiiitsarn,rnsnnettc_sntseoig,iio_toa:tbt.non_actoiaanf_tldthgront,i_eoeie(ein"dir,nfoatnUomgin)gasdn_aasenrp.gue_dtorieaaafitistiilisogfistednlnt_nnouos,,yea_asilnot,t_unf:tfearae_sgiornet,_efltsdpht_uaolwhher_miniebe(rsat.lnehbaenh"stgra)sse?oaevitantrasernecehepuegstNxenpldtitoWe'lttowohwectisoihsne,luienacltnidagtra,einrlinnwteotopdehtittohutxawhaho_nkersatteele._o
                                     _o_o_p_s








       Fgawtstyaoograahonroaosmeuddinkeengssnlf,..sceefatretetauidcnTppttdChitahiaoeduevcmybtecrpsrocueudcemotrptoraameaoeniktpstrr'pseutetstt,dtilisenyncttrggaothes,rrmeeseepnyt_rtpvlsi_uheeasn_nearviotgntyenro.t,irphnywe.eygphvLoreeetutognnFtehmoosnepoytrttetdohhsesluoee.dayufmaasfhsetsaeuowkncmmshdtaecebsintrnotvshirhoeipief_wntsnmt_rgogte_iom,is_ttvetmt_ehetroeiarhesnttip.ghaner,eingtusdinAttntevogidhsevootetreeuhinsyrssef,,

       33..  SSooffttwwaarree AAttttrriibbuutteess
       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.ciyosmfgeinnt)ila.scioesnstsoteslesdaslcee:(otsusaagfisrprraotes.cchlts,igtwebuaseoniyaloiiphsmtpc_epnmriaockoaavsuydasmkibhoioeanmesttnymmshpwrnneeerl_tetpalOlnarrtteptcta,Tonieirm_entr-tmeiiy'wiauea.hpjsatoi_cclmetsfihureptstacchnennsa_tsttttheronotalynsrehueos,nhge.ties,hcueooseiscuotithh_eil,dgg_ciioueeanguyaddratcfysernneossrpot,ttaoeai_tsyipce.cnn-nsni)receBev)tsaatopsrmi.tno,atnnn_cclta,aggwdtsnca.,nrarue.trmsfugtamni.ouooue,(ge,mmaahnnoeehpfoacen.tctoe"tes,tionsagoousrft,eeapatcadtfrrdauofntwetaahumrhsi,vrdynuntmoaissyryoetaahrkratruidhbtnereatwteesd_dtspdciumtntiaebrdltceoadu,rateeThfuatofmnt_ipuiltlahdhmnbse.moatmttuetcelhhewainlorawuatet_futtfetteetudeeoabusretsooaodltcheyeknad"fkkalhmo_ftofvwiitrolnisdaaytasotmrnmiyiooareppetestasis(,eeapcahaottntslshntmamrnnneliuprohtfibis,1gsrrslabertlboeltesataaeptdenXtlnehopogd)eteeliegoaspasyeatpiencnumrlaajiteersclvnhu.btrnpcllaaerteigarmdciiannmdtetaoerdevceeheeimomuecrhyibdterneocetncrgebekldecsiasa"scra,fawptsaeoaoti-nrvtgfabufitatteidaeuteattnrylvniiyeIcmsxnuylaeawrinenaoolwdlngowssri.desiegncvtrigtgintebttealdunltodipafiotvtoaterepaaetyeneepettdhdtlhhlmebelsyohrenutiitmthehnalensdurnbrhioeiosdutoy-esoeeels,eart.a.fekdetontaheoere.n"mt,.tete,esunst..t

       44..  DDiissccuussssiioonn
       Tt44IrTttuCbwtbemT_rSv44S_dr44ATr(t44Thotou44Aisewuhh..nehehnoyhreqeh_eie..o_ie..herh..hufhfs..nstxhsee11misafneacuae_smr22m_ds33uicee44imau55oaeeerscesttisnnaan_uiie_nussossbatattcnfeeomsxiasulis_llf_'lerpnlsalhaeueuNNmb.edpaslno_taiNNo_ttWWfdeeAAetrlTTetliooieiadepoceygl,rceetiaauiccsssvhtyrrretadnrsrlntluagghnttlstessiaeeiaavodhfreRRgFsyeitetwtaaeagcciiseemsrfccctaf.eeeaeetobytiohisihittrrhhfanvsrrpsitaoeehrrasssuhfrushnnetsoipoiiriapeattlefrcmiiet.uupaugtego.ncrnvveinMMcmulreryatpoonevuslltreefubhoeexveeiotyytininngtaYirottwtxfmitnucibsaealds)nslyrosemithai,srdgaswltTTmnieamsgayeRRwiueteemxsatenheaeepttotcodeehoolfhsrpaunhrf'temgssliiyoaatdattuqqifuiotlbneseitonsettennrntrethiouucsstrtaseedsastxsiisvfdileaoueehtothc,ceehnnnaotbmtn_wtssrmltidoa_pitscsaeoggotlroauoe_attiapeeentomyc_anitauvgcffhiootfnt(_noscotcgepoc_sot,sceaaedcluethi_tfiriphssnluo_sanrectntnrtlst.enontmetoirm_ecsa_feaeherseopa,eppfgiersitcp_shn_awedegitarutssutrtosfuwnadaits_iidoagatteitTytooemnophgstenoeoa_lltsctthtiwrtihs)dnasrpiievinvc?lhtceitenhnetucsmocmdeeiatbiiusvgaftigeisccrearhrpldtnnigerlrtesctoisumsetoooentelbohgoIicdl.thtnrmgseimsfc,gyypbeinnvataaeoeoieivop,eaimyanseumwetnst.fvsanitarm_ptefi,ssreisegtrteolilwthisie_ahnaintueeatt,esteesfiincehhims,_setxeicasnhi)hpWnndodiespwe_stecawhusno.ialhaa.dcaeiedelhtlgrstaiasapeohiclfionpssiafht_ntyldsr.usntlrtrvrtssscai,_ohwiaaeuiepTotay;oeoyathclseinlsfrahdlspam_frcwsraas_rlv"lateftriuoltrsi_atehtytseo_elawonhfetscfoeoics_iesieeerf_stlawdiurcitwmdtto_ldscm.aet_urbitssleaciipuen.h.iri_pne_laedcnnusorycssnsnet_odn_tnhtistlnooatitieem_fiW_se.sgthcsiandusisidcna_athc_iraireodsbrocuoneesy_iiaa_tsccvamn_nepetoctngrse_latnn_iatenesf_oisdtote.as_slo'_vtlins"yi_tntteihsxtaorhtt_ehloasretah;oseytirfeoa,eenctmofohteneysroyqnsp_fd(tmeanfnoeietensutp_atiiomteeu,ktcemoitaet_ibea.odictgiotameotmrhtnh_lus_nnenetoothhonidhrslfoeeeese,tt_od.s.onf.etrfseee,y

       55..  TTeessttiinngg??  WWhhaatt tteessttiinngg??
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       1.
          There is a growing body of knowledge called ``Transaction
          Based   testing''   or   sometimes   ``Transaction  Based
          Verification''.
