rep                   package:base                   R Documentation

_R_e_p_l_i_c_a_t_e _E_l_e_m_e_n_t_s _o_f _V_e_c_t_o_r_s _a_n_d _L_i_s_t_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     'rep' replicates the values in 'x'. It is a generic function, and
     the default method is described here.

     'rep.int' is a faster simplified version for the commonest case.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     rep(x, times, ...)

     ## Default S3 method:
     rep(x, times, length.out, each, ...)

     rep.int(x, times)

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

       x: a vector (of any mode including a list) or a pairlist or a
          'POSIXct' or 'POSIXlt' object.

   times: non-negative integer.  A vector giving the number of times to
          repeat each element if of length 'length(x)', or to repeat
          the whole vector if of length 1.

length.out: integer.  (Optional.)  The desired length of the output
          vector.

    each: optional integer. Each element of 'x' is repeated 'each'
          times.

     ...: further arguments to be passed to or from other methods.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     If 'times' consists of a single integer, the result consists of
     the values in 'x' repeated this many times. If 'times' is a vector
     of the same length as 'x', the result consists of 'x[1]' repeated
     'times[1]' times, 'x[2]' repeated 'times[2]' times and so on.

     'length.out' may be given in place of 'times', in which case 'x'
     is repeated as many times as is necessary to create a vector of
     this length.  If both 'length.out' and 'times' are specified,
     'times' determines the replication, and 'length.out' can be used
     to truncate the output vector (or extend it by 'NA's).

     Non-integer values of 'times' will be truncated towards zero. If
     'times' is a computed quantity it is prudent to add a small fuzz.

_V_a_l_u_e:

     A vector of the same class as 'x'.

_N_o_t_e:

     If the original vector has names, these are also replicated and so
     will almost always contain duplicates.

     If 'length.out' is used to extend the vector, the behaviour is
     different from that of S-PLUS, which recycles the existing vector.

     Function 'rep.int' is a simple case handled by internal code, and
     provided as a separate function purely for S compatibility.

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s:

     Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) _The New S
     Language_. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

_S_e_e _A_l_s_o:

     'seq', 'sequence'.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     rep(1:4, 2)
     rep(1:4, each = 2)       # not the same.
     rep(1:4, c(2,2,2,2))     # same as second.
     rep(1:4, c(2,1,2,1))
     rep(1:4, each = 2, len = 4)  # first 4 only.
     rep(1:4, each = 2, len = 10)   # 8 integers plus two NAs

     rep(1, 40*(1-.8)) # length 7 on most platforms
     rep(1, 40*(1-.8)+1e-7) # better

     ## replicate a list
     fred <- list(happy = 1:10, name = "squash")
     rep(fred, 5)

     # date-time objects
     x <- .leap.seconds[1:3]
     rep(x, 2)
     rep(as.POSIXlt(x), rep(2, 3))

